Number Functions

Applies to: Tableau Cloud, Tableau Desktop, Tableau Public, Tableau Server

This article introduces number functions and their uses in Tableau. It also demonstrates how to create a number calculation using an example.

Why use number functions

Number functions allow you to perform computations on the data values in your fields. Number functions can only be used with fields that contain numerical values. For more information, see Data Types.

For example, you might have a field that contains values for the variance in your budget, titled Budget Variance. One of those values might be -7. You can use the ABS function to return the absolute value of that number, and all the other numbers in that field.

The calculation might look something like this:

ABS[Budget Variance]

And for that -7 value, the output would be 7.

Number functions available in Tableau

ABS

Syntax	`ABS(number)`
Output	Number (positive)
Definition	Returns the absolute value of the given `<number>`.
Example	ABS(-7) = 7 ABS([Budget Variance]) The second example returns the absolute value for all the numbers contained in the Budget Variance field.
Notes	See also `SIGN`.

ACOS

Syntax	`ACOS(number)`
Output	Number (angle in radians)
Definition	Returns the arccosine (angle) of the given `<number>`.
Example	ACOS(-1) = 3.14159265358979
Notes	The inverse function, `COS`, takes the angle in radians as the argument and returns the cosine.

ASIN

Syntax	`ASIN(number)`
Output	Number (angle in radians)
Definition	Returns the arcsine (angle) of a given `<number>`.
Example	ASIN(1) = 1.5707963267949
Notes	The inverse function, `SIN`, takes the angle in radians as the argument and returns the sine.

ATAN

Syntax	`ATAN(number)`
Output	Number (angle in radians)
Definition	Returns the arctangent (angle) of a given `<number>`.
Example	ATAN(180) = 1.5652408283942
Notes	The inverse function, `TAN`, takes the angle in radians as the argument and returns the tangent. See also `ATAN2` and `COT`.

ATAN2

Syntax	`ATAN2(y number, x number)`
Output	Number (angle in radians)
Definition	Returns the arctangent (angle) between two numbers (x and y). The result is in radians.
Example	ATAN2(2, 1) = 1.10714871779409
Notes	See also `ATAN`, `TAN`, and `COT`.

CEILING

Syntax	`CEILING(number)`
Output	Integer
Definition	Rounds a `<number>` to the nearest integer of equal or greater value.
Example	CEILING(2.1) = 3
Notes	See also `FLOOR` and `ROUND`.
Database limitations	`CEILING` is available through the following connectors: Microsoft Excel, Text File, Statistical File, Published Data Source, Amazon EMR Hadoop Hive, Amazon Redshift, Cloudera Hadoop, DataStax Enterprise, Google Analytics, Google BigQuery, Hortonworks Hadoop Hive, MapR Hadoop Hive, Microsoft SQL Server, Salesforce, Spark SQL.

COS

Syntax	`COS(number)` The number argument is the angle in radians.
Output	Number
Definition	Returns the cosine of an angle.
Example	COS(PI( ) /4) = 0.707106781186548
Notes	The inverse function, `ACOS`, takes the cosine as the argument and returns the angle in radians. See also `PI`. To convert an angle from degrees to radians, use `RADIANS`.

COT

Syntax	`COT(number)` The number argument is the angle in radians.
Output	Number
Definition	Returns the cotangent of an angle.
Example	COT(PI( ) /4) = 1
Notes	See also `ATAN`, `TAN`, and `PI`. To convert an angle from degrees to radians, use `RADIANS`.

DEGREES

Syntax	`DEGREES(number)` The number argument is the angle in radians.
Output	Number (degrees)
Definition	Converts an angle in radians to degrees.
Example	DEGREES(PI( )/4) = 45.0
Notes	The inverse function, `RADIANS`, takes an angle in degrees and returns the angle in radians. See also `PI()`.

DIV

Syntax	`DIV(integer1, integer2)`
Output	Integer
Definition	Returns the integer part of a division operation, in which `<integer1>` is divided by `<integer2>`.
Example	DIV(11,2) = 5

EXP

Syntax	`EXP(number)`
Output	Number
Definition	Returns e raised to the power of the given `<number>`.
Example	EXP(2) = 7.389 EXP(-[Growth Rate]*[Time])
Notes	See also `LN`.

FLOOR

Syntax	`FLOOR(number)`
Output	Integer
Definition	Rounds a number to the nearest `<number>` of equal or lesser value.
Example	FLOOR(7.9) = 7
Notes	See also `CEILING` and `ROUND`.
Database limitations	`FLOOR` is available through the following connectors: Microsoft Excel, Text File, Statistical File, Published Data Source, Amazon EMR Hadoop Hive, Cloudera Hadoop, DataStax Enterprise, Google Analytics, Google BigQuery, Hortonworks Hadoop Hive, MapR Hadoop Hive, Microsoft SQL Server, Salesforce, Spark SQL.

HEXBINX

Syntax	`HEXBINX(number, number)`
Output	Number
Definition	Maps an x, y coordinate to the x-coordinate of the nearest hexagonal bin. The bins have side length 1, so the inputs may need to be scaled appropriately.
Example	HEXBINX([Longitude]2.5, [Latitude]2.5)
Notes	`HEXBINX` and `HEXBINY` are binning and plotting functions for hexagonal bins. Hexagonal bins are an efficient and elegant option for visualizing data in an x/y plane such as a map. Because the bins are hexagonal, each bin closely approximates a circle and minimizes variation in the distance from the data point to the center of the bin. This makes the clustering both more accurate and informative.

HEXBINY

Syntax	`HEXBINY(number, number)`
Output	Number
Definition	Maps an x, y coordinate to the y-coordinate of the nearest hexagonal bin. The bins have side length 1, so the inputs may need to be scaled appropriately.
Example	HEXBINY([Longitude]2.5, [Latitude]2.5)
Notes	See also `HEXBINX`.

LN

Syntax	`LN(number)`
Output	Number The output is `Null` if the argument is less than or equal to zero.
Definition	Returns the natural logarithm of a `<number>`.
Example	LN(50) = 3.912023005
Notes	See also `EXP` and `LOG`.

LOG

Syntax	`LOG(number, [base])` If the optional base argument isn't present, base 10 is used.
Output	Number
Definition	Returns the logarithm of a number for the given base.
Example	LOG(16,4) = 2
Notes	See also `POWER` `LN`.

MAX

Syntax	`MAX(expression)` or `MAX(expr1, expr2)`
Output	Same data type as the argument, or `NULL` if any part of the argument is null.
Definition	Returns the maximum of the two arguments, which must be of the same data type. `MAX` can also be applied to a single field as an aggregation.
Example	MAX(4,7) = 7 MAX(#3/25/1986#, #2/20/2021#) = #2/20/2021# MAX([Name]) = "Zander"
Notes	For strings `MAX` is usually the value that comes last in alphabetical order. For database data sources, the `MAX` string value is highest in the sort sequence defined by the database for that column. For dates For dates, the `MAX` is the most recent date. If `MAX` is an aggregation, the result will not have a date hierarchy. If `MAX` is a comparison, the result will retain the date hierarchy. As an aggregation `MAX(expression)` is an aggregate function and returns a single aggregated result. This displays as `AGG(expression)` in the viz. As a comparison `MAX(expr1, expr2)` compares the two values and returns a row-level value. See also `MIN`.

MIN

Syntax	`MIN(expression)` or `MIN(expr1, expr2)`
Output	Same data type as the argument, or `NULL` if any part of the argument is null.
Definition	Returns the minimum of the two arguments, which must be of the same data type. `MIN` can also be applied to a single field as an aggregation.
Example	MIN(4,7) = 4 MIN(#3/25/1986#, #2/20/2021#) = #3/25/1986# MIN([Name]) = "Abebi"
Notes	For strings `MIN` is usually the value that comes first in alphabetical order. For database data sources, the `MIN` string value is lowest in the sort sequence defined by the database for that column. For dates For dates, the `MIN` is the earliest date. If `MIN` is an aggregation, the result will not have a date hierarchy. If `MIN` is a comparison, the result will retain the date hierarchy. As an aggregation `MIN(expression)` is an aggregate function and returns a single aggregated result. This displays as `AGG(expression)` in the viz. As a comparison `MIN(expr1, expr2)` compares the two values and returns a row-level value. See also `MAX`.

PI

Syntax	`PI()`
Output	Number
Definition	Returns the numeric constant pi: 3.14159...
Example	PI() = 3.14159
Notes	Useful for trig functions that take their input in radians. See also `RADIANS`.

POWER

Syntax	`POWER(number, power)`
Output	Number
Definition	Raises the `<number>` to the specified `<power>`.
Example	POWER(5,3) = 125 POWER([Temperature], 2)
Notes	You can also use the ^ symbol, such as `5^3 = POWER(5,3) = 125` See also `EXP`, `LOG`, and `SQUARE`.

RADIANS

Syntax	`RADIANS(number)`
Output	Number (angle in radians)
Definition	Converts the given `<number>` from degrees to radians.
Example	RADIANS(180) = 3.14159
Notes	The inverse function, `DEGREES`, takes an angle in radians and returns the angle in degrees.

ROUND

Syntax	`ROUND(number, [decimals])`
Output	Number
Definition	Rounds `<number>` to a specified number of digits. The optional `decimals` argument specifies how many decimal points of precision to include in the final result. If `decimals` is omitted, number is rounded to the nearest integer.
Example	ROUND(1/3, 2) = 0.33
Notes	Some databases, such as SQL Server, allow specification of a negative length, where -1 rounds number to 10's, -2 rounds to 100's, and so on. This is not true of all databases. For example, it is not true of Excel or Access. Tip: Because `ROUND` may run into issues due to the underlying floating point representation of numbers—such as 9.405 rounding to 9.40—it may be preferable to format the number to the desired number of decimal points rather than rounding. Formatting 9.405 to two decimal places will yield the expected 9.41. See also `CEILING` and `FLOOR`.

SIGN

Syntax	`SIGN(number)`
Output	-1, 0, or 1
Definition	Returns the sign of a `<number>`: The possible return values are -1 if the number is negative, 0 if the number is zero, or 1 if the number is positive.
Example	SIGN(AVG(Profit)) = -1
Notes	See also `ABS`.

SIN

Syntax	`SIN(number)` The number argument is the angle in radians.
Output	Number
Definition	Returns the sine of an angle.
Example	SIN(0) = 1.0 SIN(PI( )/4) = 0.707106781186548
Notes	The inverse function, `ASIN`, takes the sine as the argument and returns the angle in radians. See also `PI`. To convert an angle from degrees to radians, use `RADIANS`.

SQRT

Syntax	`SQRT(number)`
Output	Number
Definition	Returns the square root of a `<number>`.
Example	SQRT(25) = 5
Notes	See also `SQUARE`.

SQUARE

Syntax	`SQUARE(number)`
Output	Number
Definition	Returns the square of a `<number>`.
Example	SQUARE(5) = 25
Notes	See also `SQRT` and `POWER`.

TAN

Syntax	`TAN(number)` The number argument is the angle in radians.
Output	Number
Definition	Returns the tangent of an angle.
Example	TAN(PI ( )/4) = 1.0
Notes	See also `ATAN`, `ATAN2`,`COT`, and `PI`. To convert an angle from degrees to radians, use `RADIANS`.

ZN

Syntax	`ZN(expression)`
Output	Any, or o
Definition	Returns the `<expression>` if it is not null, otherwise returns zero. Use this function to replace null values with zeros.
Example	ZN(Grade) = 0
Notes	This is a very useful function when using fields that may contain nulls in a calculation. Wrapping the field with `ZN` can prevent errors caused by calculating with nulls.

Create a number calculation

Follow along with the steps below to learn how to create a number calculation.

In Tableau Desktop, connect to the Sample - Superstore saved data source, which comes with Tableau.
Navigate to a worksheet and select Analysis > Create Calculated Field.
In the calculation editor that opens, do the following:

Name the calculated field Minimum Sales transaction
Enter the following formula:

MIN(Sales)
When finished, click OK.

The new number calculation appears under Measures in the Data pane. Just like your other fields, you can use it in one or more visualizations.

When Minimum Sales is placed on Text on the Marks card in the worksheet, its name is changed to AGG(Minimum Sales), which indicates that it cannot be aggregated any further, since it is already aggregated down to the lowest level of detail (the smallest sales value for all records).

This example shows the minimum sales per category.

A table displaying categories and their associated values.

When subcategory is brought into the view, the minimum sales for each subcategory are shown.

A table displaying the quantity of items within different categories and subcategories.

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