Extension Security - Best Practices for Deployment


The following information is for IT officers and administrators, Tableau server and site administrators, and anyone who is interested in managing dashboard and viz extensions and the security of their data and business. The suggestions for deployment are intended for companies that have a mix of users who are on Tableau Desktop and Tableau Server or Tableau Cloud.

 

Security for extensions in Tableau

Extensions are web applications that could be hosted inside your network, or outside on a third-party server, or in a secure sandboxed environment hosted by Tableau. Extensions can interact with other components in the dashboard and potentially have access to the visible and underlying data in the workbook (through a well-defined API). Tableau supports two types of extensions:

Network-enabled extensions

Network-enabled extensions are hosted on web servers that are located inside or outside of your local network and have full access to the web. Network-enabled extensions can connect with other applications and services. Network-enabled extensions offer new capabilities to Tableau, such as new types of data visualisations, natural language generation and support for write-back scenarios. Network-enabled extensions have full access to the web, which means that while they can offer rich features and experiences by being able to connect to outside resources, they should be evaluated before deploying or adopting.

Sandboxed extensions

Sandboxed extensions run in a protected environment without access to any other resource or service on the web. Sandboxed extensions are hosted by Tableau and provide the most security and eliminate the risk of data exfiltration. To safeguard against cyber-attacks, the Sandboxed extensions environment and hosting service has undergone extensive penetration testing by a 3rd-party consultant.

You can use Sandboxed and Network-enabled extensions in Tableau Desktop, Tableau Server and Tableau Cloud. Tableau Server and Tableau Cloud provide the most control over the extensions your users can run.

Potential security risks with Network-enabled extensions

Because extensions are web applications, there's the potential that a Network-enabled extension could be vulnerable to certain types of malicious attacks, which in turn could present a risk to your computer or data. The Open Web Application Security Project(Link opens in a new window) (OWASP) annually identifies the most critical web application security risks. These risks include the following:

  • SQL injection
  • Cross-site scripting (XSS)
  • Sensitive data exposure

These risks could compromise the extension if the developers of the extension don't properly validate and handle user inputs, or if they generate dynamic queries to access sensitive databases. As you evaluate the extensions that you want to allow in Tableau, be sure to consider how they manage authentication, data access or user input, and how they mitigate security risks.

Mitigating the security threats with Network-enabled extensions

Understanding what an extension does is a first step to identifying the risks for your enterprise. Often, a dashboard or viz extension doesn’t access underlying data in the workbook and all the JavaScript code runs in the context of the browser running on the user’s computer. In these cases, no data leaves the computer even though the extension might be hosted on a third-party site outside of your domain. Some extensions allow you to connect Tableau with other applications you have already deployed in your domain.

Tableau provides security measures and security requirements for extensions. These requirements are enabled for Tableau Desktop, Tableau Server and Tableau Cloud.

  • All extensions must use the HTTP Secure (HTTPS) protocol.
  • By default, anyone using a dashboard with a Network-enabled extension will be prompted and asked to allow the extension permission to run. The extension must request permission if it accesses underlying data.
  • To run on Tableau Server or Tableau Cloud, the URL of the Network-enabled extension must be added to a safe list. The server administrator manages this list for Tableau Server; the site administrator manages this list for Tableau Cloud.
  • On Tableau Server and Tableau Cloud, the server or site administrator (respectively) can control whether the prompt appears for each Network-enabled extension.

For more information, see Manage Dashboard and Viz Extensions in Tableau Server.

Manage extensions using Tableau

Extensions provide a way to add unique features to dashboards and new visualisations to worksheets. You can use extensions to directly integrate the dashboard with applications outside of Tableau. While extensions open up a world of possibilities, there are instances where you need or want to maintain control of how extensions are deployed in your company or enterprise. In this respect, extensions are no different from any other software that you intend to use. Before you deploy software applications in your company you should thoroughly test and verify that the software works as expected and is secure. The same is true for extensions.

First, determine what level of access your users should have, and identify the extensions you want to use (or conversely, the extensions you don’t want to use). Then use the controls and features within Tableau to restrict and curate the dashboard and viz extensions users have access to.

Recommendations for Tableau Desktop

You have a range of options for deploying Tableau Desktop in your company. You can allow unrestricted access to Sandboxed and Network-enabled extensions, or you can put limits and restrictions on who has access to extensions and under what circumstances.

By default, Tableau Desktop users have unrestricted access to Sandboxed and Network-enabled extensions. You can use two options during installation to change the default settings.

  • Turn off all extensions (DISABLEEXTENSIONS)
  • Turn off Network-enabled extensions (DISABLENETWORKEXTENSIONS).

Note: You can change these settings after Tableau Desktop installation by editing the Registry (Windows) or running a script (Mac) on each Desktop. See Turn off dashboard extensions.

Deployment scenarios

Using the installation settings, you can deploy Tableau Desktop in several ways.

  • Allow all extensions - In this deployment scenario, you choose to trust Tableau authors to select the Sandboxed and Network-enabled extensions they want to use. If you want to empower your Tableau Desktop users with the greatest flexibility, use the default installation settings. Using the default settings, Tableau Desktop users have unrestricted access to Sandboxed and Network-enabled extensions. The default settings are: DISABLEEXTENSIONS=0 and DISABLENETWORKEXTENSIONS=0. See Install Tableau Desktop from the Command Line.

  • Only allow Sandboxed extensions – In this scenario, you know that Sandboxed extensions are safe and you want to allow them, but you aren't sure about Network-enabled extensions and want to prevent their use. To turn off support for Network-enabled extensions, set the DISABLENETWORKEXTENSIONS property (DISABLENETWORKEXTENSIONS=1). Keep the default setting for enabling extensions (DISABLEEXTENSIONS=0). See Install Tableau Desktop from the Command Line.

  • No extensions allowed – In this scenario, you don't want to allow users to use extensions of either type, Network-enabled or Sandboxed. In this case, turn support for all extensions off by using the DISABLEEXTENSIONS property (DISABLEEXTENSIONS=1). See Install Tableau Desktop from the Command Line .

Use a combination of settings – You might have some users who need and should have unrestricted access to all extensions, and others for whom access to Sandboxed extensions is sufficient, and then finally a set of users who need no access to extensions at all. Because the extension options are set per desktop, you can configure your deployment for specific users and their use cases.

Web authoring - If Tableau Server or Tableau Cloud are available for your users, they can use web authoring to access extensions. In web authoring, the server or site settings for extensions apply. In this scenario, the server and site administrators can determine which extensions to allow users access to. Administrators can use the server and site settings to restrict access to Sandboxed extensions only, or to restrict access to Sandboxed extensions and the Network-enabled extensions that have been added to a safe list.

Recommendations for Tableau Server and Tableau Cloud

If your users have access to Tableau Server or Tableau Cloud, you can use the built-in security controls to put limits and restrictions on the extensions that can be used and under what circumstances. If you've turned off extensions on Tableau Desktop, you can still allow users to add extensions in web authoring, but you can limit the number of extensions that can be used to just ones you approve of.

Trust Sandboxed extensions and the Network-enabled extensions on the safe list

Starting with Tableau 2019.4, only Sandboxed extensions are allowed to run by default. Network-enabled extensions aren't allowed unless they've been added to the safe list. Administrators can add Network-enabled extensions to the settings page for the site (Settings > Extensions > Enable specific Extensions).

Note: To make the safe list the default behaviour for extensions in Tableau 2018.2 and Tableau 2018.3, you must change the settings for the site. On the Extensions settings page, under Default behaviour for Extensions, clear the Enable unknown extensions... option. In Tableau Server 2019.1, Tableau 2019.2 and Tableau 2019.3, by default, no extensions are allowed to run unless they've been added to the safe list.

Checklist for the safe list:

  • Does the extension come from a source that you know and trust?
  • Check the URL of the extension. Does the URL look suspicious or contain dubious domain names?
  • Does the extension require access to full (underlying data) or summary data? See Understand data access.
  • Test the extensions before allowing broad use. See Test extensions for security. See Test Network-enabled extensions for security.

Add extensions to the safe list:

Block specific extensions from running on Tableau Server

On Tableau Server, you can block specific extensions by adding their URL to the block list. This is useful if you have multiple sites that are configured differently for extensions. For example, if you have a test site where you want to be able to test internal or third-party extensions, you might have enabled the default behaviour for extensions, where unlisted extensions are allowed to run provided they do not access the underlying data in the workbook. Adding an extension to the block list prevents it from inadvertently being used on the test site.

  • Add the URL of the extensions that you don't want to allow to the block list. This option is only available on Tableau Server. See Block specific extensions.

Turn off extensions for a site

By default, extensions are enabled on Tableau Server and Tableau Cloud. On Tableau Server, the server administrator can turn off extensions for a site. On Tableau Cloud, the site administrator can turn off extensions for the site. On Tableau Server, the server administrator can turn off extensions completely, which overrides the site settings. You should not have to change this setting on the server or for the site, as you can control the Network-enabled extensions that you want to allow on the safe list. You can also control the settings for Sandboxed extensions, which are allowed by default.

Show or hide user prompts to run Network-enabled extensions

When you add a Network-enabled extension to the safe list, you can configure whether users see prompts by default when they are adding the extension to a dashboard, or when they are interacting with a view that has the extension. The prompt tells users details about the Network-enabled extension and whether the extension has access to full data. The prompt gives users the ability to allow or deny the extension from running. You can hide this prompt from users, allowing the extension to run immediately. When enabled for a site, Sandboxed extensions are allowed by default and do not prompt users.

Turn off Sandboxed extensions

Starting in Tableau 2019.4, Sandboxed extensions are enabled for Tableau Server and Tableau Cloud by default. Sandboxed extensions run in a protected environment and are hosted by Tableau. Administrators can control whether to let users run Sandboxed extensions on a site. Sandboxed extensions don't need to be added to the safe list. When Sandboxed extensions are allowed, users are able to freely add Sandboxed extensions to dashboards and are able to open and use dashboards that contain Sandboxed-extensions. If you need to block a Sandboxed extension, a server administrator can add the Sandboxed extension to a global block list. If you need to turn off Sandboxed extensions completely, you can change the default setting for the site. If you change the default setting for Sandboxed extensions, only the extensions (including Sandboxed extensions) that are on the safe list are allowed to run.

 

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